摘要
厄内斯特.海明威（1899—1961）是美国著名作家， 也被公认为二十世纪全世界最为重要和杰出的作家之一。在他的寓言体小说《老人与海》（1952）中， 海明威阐述了人独自迎接挑战与斗争、 以极大的意志和决心面对失败以及 “在压力下优雅的生存”等深刻的主题。并且文中的所涉及的各种事物也有明显的象征意义。对书中的主人公——老渔民桑提亚哥的刻画同时也反映出海明威本人最崇尚的人品价值观：勇气、 尊严和忍耐。小说获得1952年普利策奖， 1954年又获得诺贝尔文学奖。
论文通过对这部作品的分析，阐述了海明威的人生哲学和生活观：在残酷的社会现实和命运之中，人应该勇敢面对一切痛苦和磨难， 并同其做坚持不懈的斗争， 热爱生活， 珍惜生命。 小说主人公桑提亚哥就体现了海明威这种人生哲学，他八十四天没有打到一条鱼，却并没有丧失信心和希望， 仍然孤身一人出海， 终于钓到一条罕见的大马林鱼。同大马林鱼和鲨鱼的搏斗体现了他不屈不挠的斗争精神。另外， 小说的环境和情节的描述也反映了海明威的这种人生哲学：人生的意义既不在于成功也不在于失败， 而在于斗争：在于同残酷的社会现实和冷漠无情的命运斗争，这才是真正地热爱生活、珍惜生命。
《老人与海》不仅是海明威的伟大杰作， 并且充分体现了他的人生哲学。这种人生哲学具有广泛积极的社会意义：它既是美国价值的精髓， 同时也对全人类有着普遍的意义。而他独创的冰山理论也给美国文学注入了新的元素。它教会你如何正确面对失败，如何在逆境中抗争，它给人们战胜困难的力量和勇气， 让人们懂得奋斗的价值。这部作品无疑代表了一种时代精神，为二十世纪现实主义文学增添了光芒。
关键词：海明威；老人与海；人生哲学；象征；冰山理论
ABSTRACT
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), a famous American writer, is considered as one of the most important and outstanding writers of the 20th century in the world. In his parable story The Old Man and the Sea (1952), Hemingway further explores the masculine theme of meeting and struggling alone with challenges, showing extreme determination and fortitude in the face of certain defects, and living “ gracefully under pressure”. And the things referred in the story all have obvious symbolism. The portrayal of the old fisherman Santiago reflected the qualities and the values that the author admires most: courage, dignity and the power to endure. Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize for the story in 1952 and again in 1954, he won the Nobel Prize.
This thesis intends to probe into Hemingway’s philosophy of life through the story The Old Man and the Sea: when facing the cruel social reality and miserable fates, man should be brave and struggle with all the pains and sufferings, loving life and treasuring life. The story of the old man-Santiago just reflects Hemingway’s philosophy of the life. He does not catch a fish for eighty-four days but he does not feel discouraged. He goes to sea alone, and finally hooks a giant marlin. His fighting against the marlin and later sharks shows his struggling spirit. In addition, the des cription of the environment and plot also reflect Hemingway’s philosophy of the life: the meaning of life neither in the “success”, nor “failure”, but in the process of struggle itself.
Hemingway’s philosophy of life has a profound influence on modern American values. At the same time, it has extensive significance on the whole world. It also adds new elements to the American literature. In Hemingway’s world, you will learn how to adopt a correct attitude towards failure, and how to struggle in adversity. His hero---Santiago, is a guide to all human beings. He represents the spirit of the time. And the novel has brought luster to the realistic literature in the 20th century.
