中文题名 以公安消防部队为主要力量的应急救援体系分析
英文题名 A study on the Public Security and Fire force: the main force for the Emergency Rescue System
中文文摘 公共安全是人类生存、发展始终面对的基本问题。我国历来是一个灾害多发的国家。近年来，我国进入社会转型期和矛盾凸显期，公共安全形势严峻。2003年“非典”之后，党中央、国务院高度重视突发公共事件的应急管理工作，提出了加速构建社会应急救援体系的要求。但是，由于目前我国突发公共事件应急救援力量分散于多个部门，没有真正建立统一的社会公共安全救援体制，加之各种灾害具有突发性、连锁性等特点，传统的“分地区、分部门、分灾种”的灾害应对机制暴露出的问题日益突出，已不能适应日渐增多的紧急突发事件处置的需要。由于职能交叉、部门分割、力量分散，难以形成统一有效的调度指挥，造成救援效能的低下。同时，诸多部门和类别的救援队伍建设还造成重复投资、大量人员和装备闲置，是对资源的极大浪费。加强应急救援队伍建设，提高公共安全保障水平是政府履行社会管理和公共服务职能的重要内容，也是构建和谐社会的必然选择。我国公安消防部队在组织管理体系、迅速反应、救援装备、应急救援经验、预案制订、信息化建设和智力支持等方面具有明显优势。依托公安消防部队构建常态应急救援主要力量体系，既可以减少众多的行业救援组织，避免行业救援组织的职能交叉、机构重叠和人员臃肿，又可以集中力量整合社会资源，减少政府投入，降低行政成本，还能方便人民群众遇难求助，提高救助效率，提升政府形象。同时，我们也看到我国公安消防部队当前也面临着立法滞后，编制、经费不足，救援效率不高等诸多挑战。本文从突发公共事件应急管理的视角，运用国内外相关资料，论述公安消防部队在我国应急救援体系中承担的重要职能，尝试为各级政府构建应急救援体系，加强应急救援队伍建设提供有益的借鉴与对策。
外文文摘 Public safety and security is a fundamental issue throughout the progress of human survival and development. The public security situation in China has become increasingly grim as the country steps into a period of social transition and prominent contradictions in recent years. After the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to management against public crisis and raised the claim of accelerating the construction of social emergency system. However, due to the scattered power into a number of departments, the failure to establish a unified mechanism and the sudden commencement and chain reaction characteristics of disasters, the problems exposed under the traditional disaster response mechanism of "sub-sector, sub-region and sub-disaster" management turn out to be so prominent that it can no longer meet the growing needs against emergencies. Meanwhile, the low rescue efficiency arises from functional overlapping, departments separation strength scattering, and hence a deviation from unified command. Besides, the many types of secure teams under different departments result in repeated input and idled staff and equipment as well, a great waste of resources. As the major contents of the government's efforts to perform social management and public service, to strengthen the rescue team building and to boost the public security claim to be an inevitable option in the process of constructing a harmonious society. The domestic Fire force enjoys obvious advantages in such factors as management system, quick response, equipment, experience, planning, information technology and intellectual support. To build a major rescue system on the strength of fire force can help to cut down on the number of the many relief organizations, to avoid functional and organizational overlap and a bloated staff as well, to integrate social resources, to decrease government investments, to reduce administrative costs, to provide convenience for the masses to search for help in disasters, to develop rescue efficiency，and to improve the government's image. At the same time, we can see that the public security and fire force also face some challenges such as lagging legislation, inadequate strength，insufficient funds, low efficiency ,and etc. On the basis of some related data from both domestic/home and abroad, this thesis, from the perspective of public management and unexpected public crisis management, argues the functions of the fire force as a special organization to assume the task of emergency rescue, in an attempt to provide some insights for governments at all levels into system establishment and team construction.
