中文题名 论驰名商标认定和保护制度
英文题名 On the Identification and the Protection of Well-known Trademarks System
中文文摘 驰名商标是指在中国为相关公众广为知晓并享有较高声誉的商标。是一种公认的无形资产，具有巨大的经济价值和市场潜力，因而自《巴黎公约》首次为其提供特殊保护以来，世界各国普遍重视对驰名商标的保护，我国也不例外，自1996年4月16日颁布《驰名商标认定和管理暂行规定》后，分别从2001年开始先后修改或颁布了一系列的法律、法规和司法解释，从而构建了我国目前驰名商标制度的基本框架。这些现行的制度对我国驰名商标的认定和保护起了重要的作用，但依然存在一些不足之处。本文从引例“国美案”入手，运用理论分析法、实证分析法和对比分析法，对驰名商标的认定和保护制度中的不足进行了分析和论述，并提出了自己的观点和建议。本文正文分为三部分：第一部分论述了驰名商标的概念、法律特征及驰名商标产生的理论基础。指出驰名商标必须是在一定范围内经过长期使用，并经主管机关认定，为相关公众广为知晓并享有较高声誉的商标。它具有为相关公众所广为知晓、在市场上享有较高的声誉、具有较强的地域性和须有本国法定机关认定等法律特征。其产生的理论基础包括混淆理论、联想理论和淡化理论。第二部分论述了我国驰名商标的认定制度。从认定主体、认定原则及认定标准等三方面介绍我国驰名商标认定的相关规定，指出我国驰名商标认定制度中“相关公众”范围的界定、地域标准的界定以及个案认定原则等三个方面存在的不足，并提出自己的观点和见解。第三部分论述了我国驰名商标的保护制度。从驰名商标国际保护介绍入手，着重介绍我国驰名商标保护制度的历史发展和现状，指出我国驰名商标保护制度中存在的不足即：对未注册商标和注册商标保护不统一、现行驰名商标保护都是被动保护和驰名商标保护的理论基础不完善。并提出对未注册商标和注册商标实行同等保护、设立防御商标和联合商标注册制度和建立反淡化保护制度的建议。本文结论是：虽然我国现行的驰名商标制度在一定程度上能够解决驰名商标的认定和保护问题，但在相关公众范围、地域标准、个案认定原则、保护不统一、无主动保护及理论基础不完善等六个方面仍然存在不足。因此，建议有关部门修改相关的法律法规解决上述问题，使我国驰名商标制度更加完善。
外文文摘 The concept of well-known trademark in China is that a trademark is widely known by the public and enjoys high reputation. Besides, it is a kind of recognized intangible assets with huge economic values and market potentials. Because of this, since the “Paris Convention” provided special protection to it for the first time, countries all over the world were beginning to put great emphasis on well-known trademark protections, and China is no exception. After promulgating the “Temporary Regulations of Identification and Management of Well-known Trademarks” on April 16 1996, China has, beginning with 2001, amended and promulgated a series of laws, regulations, and judicial interpretations so as to shape up the basic framework of the well-known trademark system. Although these existing systems have played an important role on the identification and protection of the well-known trademarks, there are still some deficiencies. This paper will, citing the “GOME Case” as the entry point, analysis and discuss these deficiencies of the identification and protection of the well-known trademarks and put forward to the author’s views and suggestions in the end using the approach of theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, and comparative analysis. In this paper, the text can be summed up as following three parts: The first part discusses the concept, legal characteristics, and basic theories of the well-known trademarks respectively. The paper pointed out that the well-known trademarks must contain three elements: a long-term use in a certain range, identification by a competent authority, and a high reputation recognized by a widely public. Beyond that, it must have a strong regional nature. The theoretical foundations of well-known trademarks consist of the confusion theory, association theory and dilution theory. The second part is about the identification system of well-known trademarks in China. The author tries, on the one hand, to describe the relevant provisions of identification of well-known trademarks from the points of subjects, principles and standards, and, on the other, to point out three issues on the definition of the range of “relevant public”, of the geographical criteria, and of the case-identifying principle. Thereby, the author shares her own ideas and opinions. The third part debates the protection system of well-known trademarks in China. Starting to introduce the international protection of well-known trademarks, the author greatly focuses on the history and the current situation of the protection system of well-known trademarks in China. There are three main shortcomings in the protection system: 1) the protection standard is not unified between unregistered trademarks and registered ones; 2) all the existing protection systems are passive protection model; 3) the theoretical basis of the protection system is expected to make a further improve. With regard to these problems, China should first, provide equal protection to both unregistered trademarks and registered ones and secondly, establish the registered system on joint trademarks and defense trademarks, third, set up the anti-dilution protection system. To sum up, although China’s current legal system can tackle the problems on the identification and the protection of well-known trademarks, there are still six insufficient aspects---the range of the relevant public, the geographical criteria, the case-identifying principle, the non-unified standard of protection, the passive protection and the imperfect theoretical basis---demanded to cope with carefully. Therefore, the relevant agencies should amend current laws and regulations so as to greatly improve the well-known trademark system in China.
