摘 要
随着能源和环境形势日益严峻，建筑节能将是我国的一项长期国策。而对于建筑节能效果的检测与评估，虽然有相应的过程控制的法规标准，但节能建筑的现场检测也是必需的环节，尤其是围护结构传热系数的现场检测是十分复杂的，并且对于分析建筑物实际运行中的能耗状况和反映施工过程的偏差起着非常重要的作用，因而建筑围护结构传热系数现场检测技术的研究开发非常重要。
本文对现有围护结构传热系数的测试方法做了分析与比较，以热流计法作为研究对象。首先对实验的测量各部分误差如热电偶测量、热流计安装、热辐射和热流计时间响应等进行了分析，然后采用双面热流计法对围护结构的传热性能进行了实验研究。
根据实验数据所反映的结果，分析了室内外温差、太阳辐射、风速等对实验结果准确性的影响。研究结果表明：温差对于测量的准确性有重要的影响，当温差小于5℃时，误差太大，需考虑多维传热对测量结果的影响，但在一定的温差范围内可以通过修正满足测量要求；由于散射辐射的存在，选择北墙测试并不能消除辐射影响，可通过修正使误差在5%左右；风速的变化影响外表面换热，当小于1m/s时影响较小，但在风速较大的天气检测时就必须对结果进行修正。
关键词：建筑节能，现场检测，传热系数，热流计
ABSTRACT
The energy conservation in building will be a long-term national policy along with the energy sources and environment position worsen increasingly. For energy conservation inspection and evaluation, our country has made some standards for process control. But it is also necessary to do on-situ energy efficiency inspection for buildings, especially for the heat transfer coefficient of building envelope because the detection is quite complicated. Furthermore, it plays an important part in analyzing the real energy consumption of the building and reflecting the problems in the period of construction. So it is very important to make research and development of the building envelope heat transfer coefficient’s on-situ inspection.
This paper compared and analyzed existing detection methods, then took Heat Flow Meter method as research object. Firstly, we analyzed the testing errors introduced by thermoocouple, heat flow meter’s fix, heat radiation, heat flow meter’s time response and so on, then made some research on heat transfer in building envelope with Double-face Heat Flow Meter method.
According to the testing results, we analyzd the affecting factors of the detection method, such as the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor,the solar radiation and the wind-speed. Then we come to the conclusion: temperature difference is a very important factor. If the temperature difference is less than 5 degree,we must analyzd it with multidimensional heat transfer. The other we can make it meet the requirement by revising. The errors caused by solar radiation on the detection of north-ward wall can’t be eliminated because of dispersion radiation, but it can be reduced to 5% after modification. The wind-speed have some affects on heat exchange of ektexine. When it less than 1m/s, the affection can be neglectable, or it need to be revised.
