中文摘要：翻译学科包括许多的分支，而译者的角色一直都是翻译学习中广为讨论的课题。在翻译史上，传统的观点是把译者看成是对原文的破坏者或背叛者，翻译和翻译作品本身的地位也不高，即使到了现代语言学被广泛援用到翻译过程，译者仍是被视为原文或原文作者的“仆人”。随着现代翻译理论的发展与进步，译者的主体性得到了强调译者的地位也得到了提升，以译入语为中心的理论为译者的主体性与翻译理论打开了新的境界，这让译者的主体性得到了发挥，得益于文学翻译得特点，这种创造性的译者角色在文学翻译中尤其被发挥得淋漓尽致。本文从中西方翻译史上译者的角色地位的转变开始讨论，阐释文学翻译中译者的主体性问题并旨在强调译者主体性在文学翻译中的重要性，为以后译者主体性的研究提供依据。
关键词：主体性，文学翻译，译者的主体性，创造性
1．INTRODUCTION 5
2. LITERARY TRANSLATION 6
2.1 THE DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION AND LITERARY TRANSLATION 6
2.1.1 The Definition of Translation 6
2.1.2 The Definition of Literary Translation 7
3． THE IGNORANCE OF THE TRANSLATOR’S ROLE THROUGH THE HISTORY OF TRANSLATION 8
3.1 THE IGNORANCE OF THE TRANSLATOR’S ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF TRANSLATION IN CHINA 9
3.1.1 A Brief Introduction to the History of Translation in China 9
3.1.2 The Traditional Inferior Role of Translators in China 9
3.2 THE IGNORANCE OF THE TRANSLATOR’S ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF TRANSLATION IN THE WEST 10
3.2.1 Literary Untranslatability 10
3.2.2 Translation Criteria 11
3.2.2.1 The Linguistics-loaded Criteria for Translation 12
4． THE TRANSLATOR’S SUBJECTIVITY IN LITERARY TRANSLATION 12
4.1 THE DEFINITION OF THE TRANSLATOR’S SUBJECTIVITY 13
4.2 THE TRANSLATOR’S SUBJECTIVITY IN LITERARY TRANSLATION 13
4.2.1 Douglas Robinson and the Somatics of Translation 13
4.2.2 Peter Newmark and His Theory on the Creative Element of Translation 14
4.2.3 Increasing Attentions on the Translator’s Subjectivity in China 14
5． THE TRANSLATOR’S SUBJECTIVITY IN LITERARY TRANSLATION 15
5.1 THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMS 15
5.2 THE TRANSLATION OF POEMS 16
6． CONCLUSION 18
REFERENCES 20
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 21
